Clothing Machinery And Equipment: The Concept And Classification Of Spinning Machines

wet process Spinning machine

It is suitable for spinning viscose fiber, acrylic fiber and vinylon. The main feature is that the polymer solution is extruded from the spinneret and solidified into a primary fiber in the coagulating bath. The spinning speed is low, often below 100 m / min, and the spinning speed at high speed can reach 200 m / s. The wet spinning machine also consists of two short fibers and long fibers.

(1) short fiber spinning machine: the spinning raw fluid is introduced from the infusion tube, which is precisely measured by the metering pump, filtered into the spinneret through the filter, and squeezed from the spinneret to enter the coagulation bath. After solidification, the primary fiber is integrated into the bundle through the guide wire disc and washed or stretched through water. The staple fiber spinning machine is characterized by a large number of holes in the spinneret cap (plate), usually 3000 to tens of thousands of holes.

Filament spinning machine: unlike the short fiber spinning machine, the winding mechanism of the wire after solidification is increased. The wire from the coagulation bath is washed through the guide wire, and enters the high-speed centrifugal tank through the guide wire funnel of the upper and lower reciprocating motion. Such a spinning machine is called a centrifugal spinning machine; if the wire is wound around the bobbin through a guide wire, it is called a bobbin spinning machine; if there is a partial post processing procedure before the winding, it is called a semi continuous spinning machine; if spinning and post processing are all done on a continuous spinning machine, it is called a continuous spinning machine. The continuous spinning machine is used in viscose cord production. Spinneret for spinning filament is usually less than 150 holes, and the number of holes in the cord yarn is more than 3000 holes.

Melt spinning machine

It is used for spinning equipment such as polyester, nylon and polypropylene. The characteristics of the melt are that the melt flows into the cold air to form fibers. The cold air is blown evenly to the trickle through the high efficiency filter, the regulating valve and the diversion device. Spinning speed is high, generally 600~1500 M / min. There are two kinds of melt spinning machines.

(1) filament spinning machine: the polymer chip self feed hopper is melted into the screw extruder and is propted into the spinning box by screw propulsion. The melt is transported to the spinneret (plate) through the spinning pump in the box, and the melt flow extruded by the spinneret hole is cooled by cold air in the spinning window to solidify the fibers, and the winding mechanism is wound around the bobbin after being oiled. The number of holes in filament spinneret is usually from several holes to dozens of holes. The spinning cord can reach about 200 holes, and only one hole can be spun when the spun silk is spun. The trend of melt spinning filament spinning machine in 70s is: multi thread spinning, that is, spinning parts with 2, 3, 4, 6 or even more spinnerets to increase the output of the machine; high speed spinning, spinning speed of 3500~4000 M / min, and even up to 5000 m / s. large volumes of packages can be up to 10 kg to tens of kilograms per package, continuous spinning and stretching are completed on a spinning machine, and spinning, stretching and deforming processes are completed on a spinning machine (referred to as BCF production), which has been applied in polypropylene and nylon production. The machine has compact structure, small footprint and high production efficiency. In addition, the automation of spinning machines is also improving.

II. Staple fiber Spinning machine: compared with filament spinning machine, it is characterized by the use of large number of large spinneret plates with porous numbers. The number of holes is 400~1100. It has been developed into porous spinning with a number of holes up to 4000. In the spinning channel, there is a cooling system with circular blowing or ring blowing and side blowing. There is no single winding mechanism in each spinning part. The wires of each part are led to the feeding wire by the traction machine through the guide wire or the small rotor, and then the tows are placed in the silk barrel. The capacity of a barrel is 450~2000 kilograms. Direct spinning is often used in large synthetic fiber factories to produce staple fibers. In recent years, there has been a spinning and spinning short range spinning machine without spinning.

Dry spinning machine

For acrylic fiber and Vinylon Filament production. The spinning raw material is injected into the corridor through the infusion tube, the filter, the metering pump and the spinneret. The fine stream formed by hot air in the corridor is volatilized by the solvent, and the polymer in the stream is solidified into fibers, and the tow is wound into a certain volume. The dry spinning speed is generally 200~800 M / min. In order to meet the needs of special spinning process, dry wet spinning machine appeared again in 70s.