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Korean Nationality In White

2009/9/30 17:34:00 164

The Korean nationality is one of the ethnic minorities in China and a part of the Chinese nation. It is mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces. The rest are scattered in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Jinan, Xi'an, Wuhan and other large and medium-sized cities in the mainland. Among them, Korean residents in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province use Korean and Korean. Chinese is commonly used by Koreans living in mixed areas.

According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 2000, the Korean population is 1923842. At the end of 2008, the total registered population of Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture was 2.187 million, of which the Korean population was 806000, accounting for 36.8% of the total population.

The ancestors of the Korean nationality in China were Koreans who migrated from the Korean Peninsula to the three northeastern provinces of China. After settling down, they gradually developed into a nation in China. During the 1982 national census, it was found that some Chinese Korean ancestors had settled in Northeast China as early as the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty. For example, the Korean nationality with the surname of Park in Pujiagou Village, Gai County, Liaoning Province has settled there for more than 300 years. Since the middle of the 19th century, more and more Koreans have moved in from the Korean Peninsula, which is the main source of the Chinese Korean nationality. Due to the cruel exploitation and oppression of the Korean feudal ruling class at that time, especially in 1869 when the northern part of Korea was hit by a disaster, some suffering Korean farmers crossed the Yalu River and the Tumen River to China, reclaimed land along the two rivers, and lived together with Han, Manchu and other people. However, at this time, the number of immigrants was not very large, most of them came and went in spring and autumn, and the residence was not stable. With the intensification of Japanese imperialist aggression in Korea, a large number of residents, in order to find a way to live, ignored the government's ban, have moved to settle down in China's northeast border areas. According to statistics, in 1870, there were 28 Korean inhabited villages along the north bank of the Yalu River. In the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1881), there were more than 10000 Korean people in Yanbian area. In 1883, there were more than 37000 Korean residents in Ji'an, Linjiang, Xinbin and other counties. At the same time, a large number of Korean farmers also moved into the area along the Wusuli River.

There is one autonomous prefecture and one autonomous county in the Korean inhabited area of China. Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province was founded on September 3, 1952. The prefecture government is located in Yanji City, which governs six cities of Yanji, Dunhua, Hunchun, Tumen, Longjing, Helong, and two counties of Antu and Wangqing, covering an area of 42700 square kilometers. Yanbian is located at the junction of China, North Korea and Russia, and also in the "Golden Triangle" of Northeast Asia. It has beautiful mountains and beautiful waters, and is rich in products. The total length of the border line is 755.2 kilometers, including 522.5 kilometers of China DPRK border line and 232.7 kilometers of China Russia border line. Changbai Korean Autonomous County of Jilin Province was established on September 15, 1958. The county faces North Korea across the Yalu River to the east and south.

In the 1950s and 1960s, the Qing government still adopted a policy of blocking the entry of Korean farmers. Later, we changed to the policy of recruiting people for reclamation. In 1881, we set up a Bureau of Wilderness Affairs in Jilin, and a Bureau of Recruitment and Reclamation in Nangang (Hunchun), Yanji, Donggou and other places to recruit immigrants. All the immigrants who were recruited were Chinese subjects. In 1885, the Qing government designated the area on the north bank of the Tumen River, about 700 miles long and 50 miles wide, as a special reclamation area for Korean farmers, which made it easier for Korean farmers to move into the northeast in large numbers to settle down.

In 1910, the Japanese imperialists annexed Korea, and the Korean people and some patriots who could not bear the cruel oppression and exploitation of the imperialists moved into Northeast China in large numbers, reaching more than 360000 people by 1918.

The Korean people have a glorious revolutionary tradition. After the Japanese imperialists invaded the Korean inhabited areas in 1906, the Korean people began their anti Japanese activities, from spontaneous to organized. In October 1927, the Communist Party of China was established in the Korean region. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, Korean and Han joint anti Japanese guerrillas were established in various places. In the Second Army of the Northeast Anti Japanese Joint Army, the Korean nationality accounts for the vast majority, and the Korean nationality soldiers in the First and Seventh Armies also account for about half. In the autumn of 1938, eight female guerrillas of the Han and Korean nationalities shot the last bullet, smashed their weapons, jumped into the Ushun River, a tributary of the Mudanjiang River, and made a glorious sacrifice in front of the powerful enemy, writing the famous anti Japanese poem of "eight women throwing into the river". Tens of thousands of Korean soldiers died on the anti Japanese battlefield. During the War of Liberation, there were 50000 Koreans in Yanbian alone. After the outbreak of the Korean War, a large number of young and middle-aged Koreans responded to the call of "Resisting US Aggression and Aid Korea, Safeguarding the Country", joined the Chinese People's Volunteer Army, crossed the Yalu River, fought side by side with their neighbors, and made significant contributions to the victory of the Korean War.

socioeconomic

The area inhabited by the Korean nationality, with fertile land and rich resources, is one of the main forest areas in China. At the foot of Changbai Mountain, the Korean people have developed this rich territory. At the early stage of developing wasteland in the northeast frontier, the Korean people were short of food and satisfied their hunger with wild fruits and vegetables; Living in a very simple thatched house; It uses a wooden plow. Without farm animals, it depends on human resources to cultivate. By 1881, more than 5300 hectares of land had been reclaimed in Yanbian. In 1884, more than 12000 hectares of land were reclaimed in the Korean special reclamation area. For a long time, most of them have been engaged in agricultural production, and some of them have been engaged in forestry and sidelines. In the 1870s, they succeeded in trial planting rice in Dadianzi, Tonghua County, Jilin Province and other places. Later, they expanded their rice planting in Linjiang, Huairen, Xingjing, Liuhe, Hailong and some areas of Yanbian. In 1906, Korean farmers dug channels in Dajiaodong, Yongzhi Township, Helong County, and diverted water for irrigation to increase the rice yield. Since then, the rice field area in Yanbian has increased year by year, becoming an important rice producing area in Northeast China. The rice processed from the rice here is white and oily, rich in nutrition, and is as famous as the "Xiaozhan rice" in Beijing and Tianjin. However, a small number of Manchu and Han "mountain households" with special power used various means to forcibly occupy large areas of land developed by farmers with sweat and blood, making farmers become their own tenants or employees. At the same time, there were also very few landlords among the Korean nationality. By the late 1940s, the Korean region was in the stage of feudal landlord economic development and had some capitalist economic elements. There are two kinds of tenancy relationship: "live rent" and "fixed rent". The "live rent" rate reached 50%. In addition, there are various kinds of super economic exploitation. In the Republic of China, there were more than 30 types of taxes collected by local authorities in Yanbian alone.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War in 1945, the Korean areas were liberated successively, and under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the people's democratic regime was established. Land reform was carried out in 1946. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Korean people have undergone profound changes in all aspects, and people's lives have improved significantly.

Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province was established on September 3, 1952. Changbai Korean Autonomous County of Jilin Province was established in 1958. Dozens of ethnic townships have also been established by the Korean people living together in various places.

In order to make full use of the aboveground and underground resources in the Korean inhabited areas and develop the national economy, under the glory of the party's ethnic policy, the industry, agriculture, transportation, post and telecommunications in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture have flourished. Yanbian Prefecture has owned industrial and mining enterprises such as steel, coal, electricity, machinery, non-ferrous metals, textile, rubber, fertilizer, paper making, printing, food, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, etc. The industrial system has begun to take shape, and it has become one of the production bases of national special needs in China. The gross industrial output value has increased year by year. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline and fishery production have developed in an all-round way. Yanbian is the hometown of rice in northern China, with excellent varieties and good climate conditions. They have actively introduced science and technology to increase rice production year after year. There are a wide range of fruits, with the famous apple pear as the bulk. The yield of flue-cured tobacco is also considerable, and it is one of the main flue-cured tobacco production areas in China. Ginseng and deer antler are also traditional products in the region and have long enjoyed a good reputation. In Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture, there are railways and highways extending in all directions, and there are trains in all counties. With the further deepening of reform and opening up, Yanbian has gained the advantage of terrain in opening up to the outside world. Hunchun Special Economic Zone has been approved by the State Council. The economic growth of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture is strong.

Culture and art

The Korean people have a long and beautiful national cultural and artistic tradition, especially good at singing and dancing. They like to express their feelings by singing and dancing on festivals or after work. When there is a happy event in the family, they will sing and dance to form an interesting "family song and dance party". Jiaye Qin playing and singing, top water dance, fan dance, long drum dance, and agricultural music dance are all popular traditional song and dance programs. The Korean dance is beautiful and elegant. Its dancing posture is gentle and graceful, like a crane spreading its wings, like a willow branch brushing the water; Or they are vigorous, lively and unrestrained, which reflects the national character of bright, passionate, delicate, euphemistic, implicit and profound. Korean songs have the characteristics of smooth melody, euphemism and clarity. The famous songs include the chorus "Song of Changbai", the solo "Song of Daughter", etc. The famous folk songs include "Kikyo Ballad", "Arirang", "By the Noodle River", etc. Everyone can sing them.

Korean sports also have characteristics. Wrestling is their old sport and entertainment. Playing football is a popular sports activity for men. Generally, there is a football team of their own from the township to the village. Generally, students above the fourth grade of primary school organize to play football. In recent years, there have been some women's football teams. On festivals and holidays, football centered sports competitions are often held. Due to the popularity of football, Yanbian has become a nationally famous "hometown of football". Swing and springboard are women's favorite recreational and sports activities.

The Korean people attach great importance to education. As early as the early 1930s, they set up many schools. There is a good tradition of "rather gnaw the bark, but also let children go to school". After the liberation, private school running organizations such as "parents' meeting" and "board of directors" have been established in various places to raise funds and materials and set up hundreds of primary and secondary schools. As early as 1949, Yanbian University, the first comprehensive university for ethnic minorities in China, was founded in Yanji. Later, more than a dozen secondary professional schools and more than 1000 primary and secondary schools such as Yanbian Medical College, Yanbian Agricultural College, Yanbian Education School, and Yanbian Art School were founded. Education networks at all levels have been formed. All kinds of colleges and universities have produced generations of senior and intermediate Korean intellectuals, all over the central, provincial and Korean areas in all fronts. In extension